mirror of
https://git.in.rschanz.org/ryan77627/guix.git
synced 2024-11-07 15:36:20 -05:00
doc: Add "Build Systems" section.
* doc/guix.texi (Defining Packages): Add 'arguments' field in the example; update 'synopsis' and 'description'. Remove most of the description of 'build-system', and instead reference to the "Build Systems" node. Briefly describe 'arguments' field, and remove more elaborate description. Add cross-reference to "Packaging Guidelines". (Build Systems): New node. (Packaging Guidelines): Mention '--log-file'.
This commit is contained in:
Ludovic Courtès
parent
59f21ee34a
commit
7458bd0a4a
1 changed files with 182 additions and 42 deletions
224
doc/guix.texi
224
doc/guix.texi
|
|
@ -1301,6 +1301,7 @@ package definitions.
|
|||
|
||||
@menu
|
||||
* Defining Packages:: Defining new packages.
|
||||
* Build Systems:: Specifying how packages are built.
|
||||
* The Store:: Manipulating the package store.
|
||||
* Derivations:: Low-level interface to package derivations.
|
||||
* The Store Monad:: Purely functional interface to the store.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1332,9 +1333,10 @@ package looks like this:
|
|||
(sha256
|
||||
(base32 "0wqd8sjmxfskrflaxywc7gqw7sfawrfvdxd9skxawzfgyy0pzdz6"))))
|
||||
(build-system gnu-build-system)
|
||||
(arguments `(#:configure-flags '("--enable-silent-rules")))
|
||||
(inputs `(("gawk" ,gawk)))
|
||||
(synopsis "GNU Hello")
|
||||
(description "Yeah...")
|
||||
(synopsis "Hello, GNU world: An example GNU package")
|
||||
(description "Guess what GNU Hello prints!")
|
||||
(home-page "http://www.gnu.org/software/hello/")
|
||||
(license gpl3+)))
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
|
@ -1379,22 +1381,17 @@ Scheme expression to modify the source code.
|
|||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
@cindex GNU Build System
|
||||
The @code{build-system} field is set to @var{gnu-build-system}. The
|
||||
@var{gnu-build-system} variable is defined in the @code{(guix
|
||||
build-system gnu)} module, and is bound to a @code{<build-system>}
|
||||
object.
|
||||
The @code{build-system} field specifies the procedure to build the
|
||||
package (@pxref{Build Systems}). Here, @var{gnu-build-system}
|
||||
represents the familiar GNU Build System, where packages may be
|
||||
configured, built, and installed with the usual @code{./configure &&
|
||||
make && make check && make install} command sequence.
|
||||
|
||||
Naturally, @var{gnu-build-system} represents the familiar GNU Build
|
||||
System, and variants thereof (@pxref{Configuration, configuration and
|
||||
makefile conventions,, standards, GNU Coding Standards}). In a
|
||||
nutshell, packages using the GNU Build System may be configured, built,
|
||||
and installed with the usual @code{./configure && make && make check &&
|
||||
make install} command sequence. This is what @var{gnu-build-system}
|
||||
does.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, @var{gnu-build-system} ensures that the ``standard''
|
||||
environment for GNU packages is available. This includes tools such as
|
||||
GCC, Coreutils, Bash, Make, Diffutils, and Patch.
|
||||
@item
|
||||
The @code{arguments} field specifies options for the build system
|
||||
(@pxref{Build Systems}). Here it is interpreted by
|
||||
@var{gnu-build-system} as a request run @file{configure} with the
|
||||
@code{--enable-silent-rules} flag.
|
||||
|
||||
@item
|
||||
The @code{inputs} field specifies inputs to the build process---i.e.,
|
||||
|
|
@ -1404,40 +1401,23 @@ variable; @var{gawk} is itself bound to a @code{<package>} object.
|
|||
|
||||
Note that GCC, Coreutils, Bash, and other essential tools do not need to
|
||||
be specified as inputs here. Instead, @var{gnu-build-system} takes care
|
||||
of ensuring that they are present.
|
||||
of ensuring that they are present (@pxref{Build Systems}).
|
||||
|
||||
However, any other dependencies need to be specified in the
|
||||
@code{inputs} field. Any dependency not specified here will simply be
|
||||
unavailable to the build process, possibly leading to a build failure.
|
||||
@end itemize
|
||||
|
||||
There are other fields that package definitions may provide. Of
|
||||
particular interest is the @code{arguments} field. When specified, it
|
||||
must be bound to a list of additional arguments to be passed to the
|
||||
build system. For instance, the above definition could be augmented
|
||||
with the following field initializer:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
(arguments `(#:tests? #f
|
||||
#:configure-flags '("--enable-silent-rules")))
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
@noindent
|
||||
These are keyword arguments (@pxref{Optional Arguments, keyword
|
||||
arguments in Guile,, guile, GNU Guile Reference Manual}). They are
|
||||
passed to @var{gnu-build-system}, which interprets them as meaning ``do
|
||||
not run @code{make check}'', and ``run @file{configure} with the
|
||||
@code{--enable-silent-rules} flag''. The value of these keyword
|
||||
parameters is actually evaluated in the @dfn{build stratum}---i.e., by a
|
||||
Guile process launched by the daemon (@pxref{Derivations}).
|
||||
|
||||
Once a package definition is in place@footnote{Simple package
|
||||
definitions like the one above may be automatically converted from the
|
||||
Nixpkgs distribution using the @command{guix import} command.}, the
|
||||
package may actually be built using the @code{guix build} command-line
|
||||
tool (@pxref{Invoking guix build}). Eventually, updating the package
|
||||
definition to a new upstream version can be partly automated by the
|
||||
@command{guix refresh} command (@pxref{Invoking guix refresh}).
|
||||
tool (@pxref{Invoking guix build}). @xref{Packaging Guidelines}, for
|
||||
more information on how to test package definitions.
|
||||
|
||||
Eventually, updating the package definition to a new upstream version
|
||||
can be partly automated by the @command{guix refresh} command
|
||||
(@pxref{Invoking guix refresh}).
|
||||
|
||||
Behind the scenes, a derivation corresponding to the @code{<package>}
|
||||
object is first computed by the @code{package-derivation} procedure.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1473,6 +1453,164 @@ Configure and Build System}).
|
|||
@end deffn
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@node Build Systems
|
||||
@section Build Systems
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex build system
|
||||
Each package definition specifies a @dfn{build system} and arguments for
|
||||
that build system (@pxref{Defining Packages}). This @code{build-system}
|
||||
field represents the build procedure of the package, as well implicit
|
||||
dependencies of that build procedure.
|
||||
|
||||
Build systems are @code{<build-system>} objects. The interface to
|
||||
create and manipulate them is provided by the @code{(guix build-system)}
|
||||
module, and actual build systems are exported by specific modules.
|
||||
|
||||
Build systems accept an optional list of @dfn{arguments}. In package
|
||||
definitions, these are passed @i{via} the @code{arguments} field
|
||||
(@pxref{Defining Packages}). They are typically keyword arguments
|
||||
(@pxref{Optional Arguments, keyword arguments in Guile,, guile, GNU
|
||||
Guile Reference Manual}). The value of these arguments is usually
|
||||
evaluated in the @dfn{build stratum}---i.e., by a Guile process launched
|
||||
by the daemon (@pxref{Derivations}).
|
||||
|
||||
The main build system is @var{gnu-build-system}, which implements the
|
||||
standard build procedure for GNU packages and many other packages. It
|
||||
is provided by the @code{(guix build-system gnu)} module.
|
||||
|
||||
@defvr {Scheme Variable} gnu-build-system
|
||||
@var{gnu-build-system} represents the GNU Build System, and variants
|
||||
thereof (@pxref{Configuration, configuration and makefile conventions,,
|
||||
standards, GNU Coding Standards}).
|
||||
|
||||
@cindex build phases
|
||||
In a nutshell, packages using it configured, built, and installed with
|
||||
the usual @code{./configure && make && make check && make install}
|
||||
command sequence. In practice, a few additional steps are often needed.
|
||||
All these steps are split up in separate @dfn{phases},
|
||||
notably@footnote{Please see the @code{(guix build gnu-build-system)}
|
||||
modules for more details about the build phases.}:
|
||||
|
||||
@table @code
|
||||
@item unpack
|
||||
Unpack the source tarball, and change the current directory to the
|
||||
extracted source tree. If the source is actually a directory, copy it
|
||||
to the build tree, and enter that directory.
|
||||
|
||||
@item patch-source-shebangs
|
||||
Patch shebangs encountered in source files so they refer to the right
|
||||
store file names. For instance, this changes @code{#!/bin/sh} to
|
||||
@code{#!/gnu/store/@dots{}-bash-4.3/bin/sh}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item configure
|
||||
Run the @file{configure} script with a number of default options, such
|
||||
as @code{--prefix=/gnu/store/@dots{}}, as well as the options specified
|
||||
by the @code{#:configure-flags} argument.
|
||||
|
||||
@item build
|
||||
Run @code{make} with the list of flags specified with
|
||||
@code{#:make-flags}. If the @code{#:parallel-builds?} argument is true
|
||||
(the default), build with @code{make -j}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item check
|
||||
Run @code{make check}, or some other target specified with
|
||||
@code{#:test-target}, unless @code{#:tests? #f} is passed. If the
|
||||
@code{#:parallel-tests?} argument is true (the default), run @code{make
|
||||
check -j}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item install
|
||||
Run @code{make install} with the flags listed in @code{#:make-flags}.
|
||||
|
||||
@item patch-shebangs
|
||||
Patch shebangs on the installed executable files.
|
||||
|
||||
@item strip
|
||||
Strip debugging symbols from ELF files (unless @code{#:strip-binaries?}
|
||||
is false), copying them to the @code{debug} output when available
|
||||
(@pxref{Installing Debugging Files}).
|
||||
@end table
|
||||
|
||||
@vindex %standard-phases
|
||||
The build-side module @code{(guix build gnu-build-system)} defines
|
||||
@var{%standard-phases} as the default list of build phases.
|
||||
@var{%standard-phases} is a list of symbol/procedure pairs, where the
|
||||
procedure implements the actual phase.
|
||||
|
||||
The list of phases used for a particular package can be changed with the
|
||||
@code{#:phases} parameter. For instance, passing:
|
||||
|
||||
@example
|
||||
#:phases (alist-delete 'configure %standard-phases)
|
||||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
means that all the phases described above will be used, expect the
|
||||
@code{configure} phase.
|
||||
|
||||
In addition, this build system ensures that the ``standard'' environment
|
||||
for GNU packages is available. This includes tools such as GCC, libc,
|
||||
Coreutils, Bash, Make, Diffutils, grep, and sed (see the @code{(guix
|
||||
build-system gnu)} module for a complete list.) We call these the
|
||||
@dfn{implicit inputs} of a package, because package definitions don't
|
||||
have to mention them.
|
||||
@end defvr
|
||||
|
||||
Other @code{<build-system>} objects are defined to support other
|
||||
conventions and tools used by free software packages. They inherit most
|
||||
of @var{gnu-build-system}, and differ mainly in the set of inputs
|
||||
implicitly added to the build process, and in the list of phases
|
||||
executed. Some of these build systems are listed below.
|
||||
|
||||
@defvr {Scheme Variable} cmake-build-system
|
||||
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system cmake)}. It
|
||||
implements the build procedure for packages using the
|
||||
@url{http://www.cmake.org, CMake build tool}.
|
||||
|
||||
It automatically adds the @code{cmake} package to the set of inputs.
|
||||
Which package is used can be specified with the @code{#:cmake}
|
||||
parameter.
|
||||
@end defvr
|
||||
|
||||
@defvr {Scheme Variable} python-build-system
|
||||
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system python)}. It
|
||||
implements the more or less standard build procedure used by Python
|
||||
packages, which consists in running @code{python setup.py build} and
|
||||
then @code{python setup.py install --prefix=/gnu/store/@dots{}}.
|
||||
|
||||
For packages that install stand-alone Python programs under @code{bin/},
|
||||
it takes care of wrapping these programs so their @code{PYTHONPATH}
|
||||
environment variable points to all the Python libraries they depend on.
|
||||
|
||||
Which Python package is used can be specified with the @code{#:python}
|
||||
parameter.
|
||||
@end defvr
|
||||
|
||||
@defvr {Scheme Variable} perl-build-system
|
||||
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system perl)}. It
|
||||
implements the standard build procedure for Perl packages, which
|
||||
consists in running @code{perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=/gnu/store/@dots{}},
|
||||
followed by @code{make} and @code{make install}.
|
||||
|
||||
The initial @code{perl Makefile.PL} invocation passes flags specified by
|
||||
the @code{#:make-maker-flags} parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
Which Perl package is used can be specified with @code{#:perl}.
|
||||
@end defvr
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Lastly, for packages that do not need anything as sophisticated, a
|
||||
``trivial'' build system is provided. It is trivial in the sense that
|
||||
it provides basically no support: it does not pull any implicit inputs,
|
||||
and does not have a notion of build phases.
|
||||
|
||||
@defvr {Scheme Variable} trivial-build-system
|
||||
This variable is exported by @code{(guix build-system trivial)}.
|
||||
|
||||
This build system requires a @code{#:builder} argument. This argument
|
||||
must be a Scheme expression that builds the package's output(s)---as
|
||||
with @code{build-expression->derivation} (@pxref{Derivations,
|
||||
@code{build-expression->derivation}}).
|
||||
@end defvr
|
||||
|
||||
@node The Store
|
||||
@section The Store
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -2398,7 +2536,9 @@ called @code{gnew}, you may run this command from the Guix build tree:
|
|||
@end example
|
||||
|
||||
Using @code{--keep-failed} makes it easier to debug build failures since
|
||||
it provides access to the failed build tree.
|
||||
it provides access to the failed build tree. Another useful
|
||||
command-line option when debugging is @code{--log-file}, to access the
|
||||
build log.
|
||||
|
||||
If the package is unknown to the @command{guix} command, it may be that
|
||||
the source file contains a syntax error, or lacks a @code{define-public}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue