services: Enable "protected hardlinks" and "protected symlinks" by default.

References:

https://sysctl-explorer.net/fs/protected_hardlinks/
https://sysctl-explorer.net/fs/protected_symlinks/

* gnu/services/sysctl.scm (%default-sysctl-settings): New public variable.
(<sysctl-configuration>): Use %default-sysctl-settings as the default value.
* gnu/services/base.scm (%base-services): Add sysctl-service-type.
* doc/guix.texi (Miscellaneous Services): Document the new defaults.

Signed-off-by: Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>

doc/guix.texi

@@ -31378,6 +31378,21 @@ instantiated as:
          (sysctl-configuration
            (settings '(("net.ipv4.ip_forward" . "1")))))
 @end lisp
+
+Since @code{sysctl-service-type} is used in the default lists of
+services, @code{%base-services} and @code{%desktop-services}, you can
+use @code{modify-services} to change its configuration and add the
+kernel parameters that you want (@pxref{Service Reference,
+@code{modify-services}}).
+
+@lisp
+(modify-services %base-services
+  (sysctl-service-type config =>
+                       (sysctl-configuration
+                         (settings (append '(("net.ipv4.ip_forward" . "1"))
+                                           %default-sysctl-settings)))))
+@end lisp
+
 @end defvr
 
 @deftp {Data Type} sysctl-configuration
@@ -31387,11 +31402,16 @@ The data type representing the configuration of @command{sysctl}.
 @item @code{sysctl} (default: @code{(file-append procps "/sbin/sysctl"})
 The @command{sysctl} executable to use.
 
-@item @code{settings} (default: @code{'()})
+@item @code{settings} (default: @code{%default-sysctl-settings})
 An association list specifies kernel parameters and their values.
 @end table
 @end deftp
 
+@defvr {Scheme Variable} %default-sysctl-settings
+An association list specifying the default @command{sysctl} parameters
+on Guix System.
+@end defvr
+
 @cindex pcscd
 @subsubheading PC/SC Smart Card Daemon Service
 

gnu/services/base.scm

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ (define-module (gnu services base)
   #:use-module (gnu services)
   #:use-module (gnu services admin)
   #:use-module (gnu services shepherd)
+  #:use-module (gnu services sysctl)
   #:use-module (gnu system pam)
   #:use-module (gnu system shadow)                ; 'user-account', etc.
   #:use-module (gnu system uuid)
@@ -2532,6 +2533,8 @@ (define %base-services
                  (udev-configuration
                    (rules (list lvm2 fuse alsa-utils crda))))
 
+        (service sysctl-service-type)
+
         (service special-files-service-type
                  `(("/bin/sh" ,(file-append bash "/bin/sh"))
                    ("/usr/bin/env" ,(file-append coreutils "/bin/env"))))))

gnu/services/sysctl.scm

@@ -25,20 +25,26 @@ (define-module (gnu services sysctl)
   #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
   #:use-module (ice-9 match)
   #:export (sysctl-configuration
-            sysctl-service-type))
+            sysctl-service-type
+            %default-sysctl-settings))
 
 
 ;;;
 ;;; System Control Service.
 ;;;
 
+(define %default-sysctl-settings
+  ;; Default kernel parameters enabled with sysctl.
+  '(("fs.protected_hardlinks" . "1")
+    ("fs.protected_symlinks" . "1")))
+
 (define-record-type* <sysctl-configuration>
   sysctl-configuration make-sysctl-configuration
   sysctl-configuration?
   (sysctl   sysctl-configuration-sysctl    ; path of the 'sysctl' command
             (default (file-append procps "/sbin/sysctl")))
   (settings sysctl-configuration-settings  ; alist of string pairs
-            (default '())))
+            (default %default-sysctl-settings)))
 
 (define (sysctl-configuration-settings->sysctl.conf settings)
   "Return a file for @command{sysctl} to set kernel parameters as specified by